Personalidade Hardiness em profissionais de saúde de serviços de alta complexidade

Abstract

Hardiness or psychological resistance is a personality construct that allows men to be active, creative and resistant to stressful events at work. This thesis aimed to analyze personality hardiness and interrelated factors in health professionals working in highly complex services. This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical study, carried out in the northern macro-region of Minas Gerais-Brazil, with 469 health professionals. Data were collected through a questionnaire with socioeconomic, occupational variables and health conditions, through the application of the Hardiness Scale (HS), Anxiety Inventories (BAI), Beck Depression (BDI), Job Stress Scale (EET) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Fantastic Lifestyle (EVF) and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). From the results, three (03) scientific products were constructed. Product 1, a systematic review study, without meta-analysis, conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendation, which aimed to investigate the factors associated with personality hardiness in healthcare professionals in the hospital context. The descriptors used in the searches are registered on the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) platform, being: “Psychological Resilience”, “Emotional Adjustment”, “Health Personnel” and “Hospitals”. The assessment of the quality and internal validity of the studies was developed using the Grading of Recommendatons Assessment, Development and Evaluaton (GRADE), the LONEY scale and the PEDro scale. The sample was made up of ten (10) studies published between 2018 and 2021, exclusively, in international journals.Of these, nine (9) studies are cross-sectional, predominantly classified as a moderate level of evidence. Personality hardiness showed a negative correlation with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, burnout syndrome, post-traumatic stress, anxiety and fatigue. Personal fulfillment, self efficacy, optimism, training were positively associated with personality hardiness in health professionals in the hospital context. Product 2, epidemiological, cross-sectional and analytical study, which aimed to identify the factors associated with personality hardiness in health professionals working in hospital services that care for critically ill patients. As an instrument, the Hardiness Scale (HS) was used associated with a questionnaire to investigate socio-demographic, occupational and health conditions. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and multiple model through multiple logistic regression, using the Hosmer Lemeshow test and Pseudo R2, estimating odds ratios. The classification of total scores in HE showed a preponderance of moderate hardiness (48.4%). The chance of high hardiness among professionals with a regular or bad fantastic lifestyle was reduced by (74%) when compared to those considered very good and excellent. It was also increased among professionals who did not have leave/leave, who had high satisfaction due to compassion at work, low stress and low burnout. In Product 3, an epidemiological and cross sectional study that aimed to investigate the relationships between personality hardiness and well-being at work in health professionals working in highly complex hospital services. The Hardiness Scale (HS) was used to assess the presence, prevalence and resistant-resilient personality domains, and another questionnaire with variables from the affective dimension of well-being at work. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and multivariate analysis using multinomial logistic regression (stepwise method). The classification of the total HE scores showed that 128 (27.3%) health professionals evaluated presented high hardiness with greater intensity in the challenge domain. Negative affects such as difficulty in the home-work-team interface, lack of autonomy, devaluation at work, few prospects for professional growth and competition at work were significantly associated with low and moderate levels of hardiness It is concluded that professionals who present higher levels of resistance-resilience emerge from a pattern of attitudes and adaptive actions that help in the perception of positive affects that predict well-being in the work context.