Atividade larvicida do extrato de planta do cerrado frente ao Aedes aegypti e Culex quinquefasciatus e análise temporal da Dengue em municípios do norte de Minas Gerais (2017-2022) no contexto de saúde única

Abstract

Mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus are key vectors for arboviral diseases such as dengue, posing significant challenges to public health and management. These insects easily adapt to artificial breeding sites, leading to population growth and disease spread. Dengue, transmitted by Ae. aegypti, is a globally prevalent disease that presents serious challenges due to its rapid spread. The dissertation comprises two articles. The first, already published, assessed the larvicidal activity of aqueous extracts from Mauritiella armata leaves against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. The extract was prepared using 500 mL of water for every 50 g of plant material, heated to 40°C, filtered, and dried to a constant weight. Tested concentrations ranged from 2.625 to 10.5 mg/mL for Ae. aegypti and from 2.25 to 21 mg/mL for Cx. quinquefasciatus. A concentration of ≥ 7.87 mg/mL achieved 100% efficacy in controlling Ae. aegypti, while a concentration of 21 mg/mL showed 88.7% efficacy against Cx. quinquefasciatus. The second article, which has been submitted, described the epidemiology of dengue in 54 municipalities in Northern Minas Gerais from 2017 to 2022 using data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). A total of 55,389 dengues cases were reported, with the highest incidence in the economically active age group and a peak in cases in 2019, followed by a decline in 2020 due to the pandemic. The findings underscore the need for integrating entomological surveillance with primary health care from a One Health perspective. This coordinated approach facilitates vector control and enhances prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of vector-borne diseases. By doing so, it is possible to strengthen the local health system and reduce the impact of dengue and other arboviral diseases in a sustainable and integrated manner.