Prevalência de osteoporose em idosos e fatores associados

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that predisposes the individual to falls and fractures. It is characterized by a reduction in bone mass, causing functional disability. With the progressive aging of the population, osteoporosis has become a worldwide public health problem and its high prevalence is due to the increase in life expectancy and changes in human habits. This research aimed to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis in the elderly and identify associated factors, develop an educational booklet for Primary Health Care, a lecture to medical students and production of a Podcast on osteoporosis and its approach, in view of the geriatric. This is a cross-sectional, analytical study, with data collection from medical records of elderly people registered at the Reference Center for Health Care for the Elderly – CRASI (Centro Mais Vida), in the city of Montes Claros, northern Minas Gerais and, who underwent bone densitometry (DO) examination in 2017 and 2018. Sociodemographic aspects, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle and health/disease conditions were evaluated. Bivariate analysis using Pearson's chi-square test was used to investigate the association between osteoporosis (outcome variable) and independent variables and those significant up to the 20% level (p ≤ 0.20) were selected for Poisson multiple regression analysis with robust variance and obtained the prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals. For the final model, only variables with a statistical significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) were kept. Data from 433 elderly people, aged between 65 and 108 years old, mean of 77.8 years old, were evaluated. There was a predominance of the age group < 80 years (63.8%), female (79.2%), education up to 4 years (83.0%), overweight (44.5%), sedentary lifestyle (71.1 %), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) (84.7%). The present study registered a high prevalence of osteoporosis (48.5%). In the final model, female gender (PR: 1,547 / CI: 1.361-2.597), age over 80 years (PR: 1,880 / CI: 1.291-1.853) and low weight BMI (PR: 1,234 / CI: 1.019-1.495) and overweight as a protective factor were associated. (PR: 0,523 / IC: 0.408-0.669). Based on the data presented in this study, it was found to be important to support the population vulnerable to this health problem, as it is subject to prevention and low-cost treatment. Population surveys should be carried out for screening in order to obtain an early diagnosis in order to reduce the consequences of this disease.