Análise dos custos e produção e viabilidade econômica de oito clones de cacau em plantio irrigados e a pleno sol na região semiárida no Norte de Minas Gerais

Abstract

The development of cocoa trees can be successful in semi-arid regions when associated with irrigation, use of adapted genotypes and adoption of specific technologies for this new cultivar condition. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the production and economic viability of eight cocoa clones in an irrigated cocoa crop in full sun in a semi-arid region. To this end, two works were developed. Data regarding cocoa production were obtained through a test conducted at the Experimental Farm of the State University of Montes Claros in the community of Lagoa Grande, municipality of Janauba. The region's climate is semi-arid, with high temperatures and an average annual rainfall of 800 mm. Eight cocoa clones planted in an area cultivated with Prata Anã banana that served as shade in the first two years were used in the trial. In the first test, an analysis was carried out of the production costs for the implementation of one hectare of irrigated cocoa trees, including improvements (area for drying the beans and fermentation reservoirs). The second work was a trial conducted at the Experimental Farm of the State University of Montes Claros. The cocoa clones were planted in an area cultivated with Prata Anã banana and this served as a shadow for the first two years. From the third year onwards, the banana plants were removed. Thus, the cocoa tree began to be placed in full sun conditions. Eight clones were used in the experiment: SJ 02, CEPEC 2002, CEPEC 2005, PS 1319, CEPEC 2006, IPIRANGA 1, PH 16 and CCN 51. The spacing used was 3x2. With a final population of 1666 plants per hectare. Financial indicators were used: Net Present Value (NPV), minimum attractiveness rate (MAR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback. Through the analysis of these indicators, it was found that the clones CEPEC 2005, PS 1319 and CCN 51 have greater economic viability considering the TMA of 10% and 15%. The cultivation of Prata banana and cocoa clones, except for the IPIRANGA clone, can be considered as ventures with positive financial returns and within a period compatible with the development of the species. Three scenarios were analyzed with the selling price of the arroba at R$708.00 and R$223.00 and the comparison of the prices of the arroba of cocoa beans in ten years. The NPV of all clones was positive, indicating that they are viable projects. In general, clones CEPEC 2005, PS 1319 and CCN51 proved to be more productive and with better economic indicators among the clones evaluated, being profitable for cultivation in full sun and irrigated in the semi-arid region.