Prevalência e fatores associados à mortalidade em idosos comunitários: estudo longitudinal

Abstract

Aging is a complex phenomenon, which occurs rapidly in the world population. However, this achievement of the 20th century becomes a major challenge for the current century. Population aging has increased the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases, which in turn have become the main cause of mortality among the elderly. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with mortality in elderly community members, in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais (MG). For this, a longitudinal and analytical study was carried out, with a populationbased quantitative approach. Data collection, at the baseline, took place at the elderly's home between May and July 2013, from a random sampling, by clusters. The data collection of the first wave of this study was carried out after an average period of 42 months, between November 2016 and March 2017. Between November 2018 and July 2019, complementary collection was carried out to identify the cause of death of the elderly. The dependent variable was mortality. For data analysis, the results were dichotomized: mortality (yes or no). The independent variables studied were: demographic, social, economic and clinical. Bivariate analyzes were performed to identify factors associated with the response variable using the chi-square test. The magnitude of the associations was estimated from the odds ratio (OR). Logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted OR. In this study, a prevalence of mortality of 7.9% was identified in elderly community members. The variables that remained statistically associated with mortality, after multiple analysis, were: longevity; not knowing how to read; absence of religious practice e; Brain stroke; consultation and hospitalization in the last 12 months. The main groups of basic causes of death by CID-10 were: other ill-defined and unspecified causes of mortality and diseases of the respiratory system. Knowing the factors associated with mortality in elderly community members allows acting on risk conditions so that the additional years are combined with the better quality of life of this population.