Estudo multicêntrico brasileiro sobre hereditariedade nas fissuras orais não sindrômicas e do perfil de egressos de um programa de pós-graduação interdisciplinar em atenção primária à saúde

Abstract

This dissertation presents two studies aimed at analyzing heredity and family history among patients with non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOC) from different Brazilian regions and examining the profile and trajectory of graduates from the Professional Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Program in Primary Health Care. In both studies, statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows, Inc., USA (SPSS®) version 27.0. The first study is a multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted in six specialized orofacial cleft services across different geographic regions of Brazil. It included 1,899 patients with non-syndromic cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and cleft lip and palate (CLP). Data were obtained from patient clinical records between June 2023 and May 2024. Family history was categorized as positive or negative, the number of affected relatives as single or multiple, and details were gathered on the degree of kinship and the type of cleft affecting the relative. Among the participants, 999 (52.6%) presented with CLP, 458 (24.11%) with CP, and 442 (23.27%) with CL. Male predominance was observed in the CLP (58.3%) and CL (23.3%) groups. Similar proportions of heredity were found in CL (32.8%) and CLP (32.4%), while CP showed a lower proportion (26.2%). No significant difference was observed between CLP and CL regarding family history, but significant differences were found between CLP vs. CP and CL vs. CP, with CLP and CL showing higher proportions of positive family history. The second study is a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study. Data were collected by accessing the Lattes Curriculum of 118 graduates from the Postgraduate Program in Primary Health Care (PPGCPS) at Unimontes between February and June 2024. Variables analyzed included sex, undergraduate degree, year of graduation, type of institution, completion of specialization and/or residency, current professional occupation, state of practice, and scientific production after graduation. The analysis revealed that 18 graduates (15,3%) are currently pursuing doctoral studies. Women were predominant 75 (63.6%), as were medical professionals 58 (49.2%) and graduates from public universities 74 (62.71%). Most graduates work in education 77 (65.3%) and health care 32 (27.1%). The notable career paths of the graduates reflect the program's importance in professional training, particularly in Minas Gerais, where many alumni remain employed 114 (96.6%). The study revealed that 31.01% of participants had a positive family history of orofacial clefts, with a higher prevalence among third-degree relatives. Regional variations observed between Minas Gerais and Paraná highlight the influence of environmental and genetic factors. Regarding the graduates, the practical application of knowledge in health and education aligns with the program's professional master’s focus, while the continued studies of some alumni reaffirm a commitment to lifelong learning.