Incontinência urinária e fatores associados em mulheres climatéricas

Abstract

To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) in climacteric women assisted by the teams of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study including 874 women aged 40 to 65, selected by probabilistic sampling process, from August 2014 to August 2015, belonging to the municipality of Montes Claros/MG, Brazil. We used a structured, pre tested questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, anthropometric measurements and clinical and obstetrical factors and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF ™) for data collection. Anthropometric measurements such as body mass index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (AC) were obtained using equipment and technical standards. We used descriptive analysis and gross associations using the chi-square test, adopting (p ≤ 0,25). In the final model was made the analysis of binary logistic regression, with significance level (p ≤ 0,05). The prevalence of UI that was (22,5%). After adjustment, the odds of having UI referred to the variables: unmarried women (OR 1,38 95% CI 0,97 to 1,99) compared with women with a partner, sedentary/irregularly active (OR 2,14 95% CI 1,17 to 3,93) compared to active / very active smokers (OR 1,79 95% CI 1,05 to 3,03), overweight (OR 1,30 95% CI 0,80 to 2 10), obese (OR 1,92 95% CI 1,21 to 3,09), and with intense climacteric symptoms (OR 2,52 CI 1,48 to 4,29) when compared to moderate and mild symptoms, have performed episiotomy (OR 1,47 95% CI 1,03 to 2,12) and have ovarian cyst (OR 1,71 95% CI 1,11 to 2,64) when compared to those who did not. It was concluded that the presence of modifiable factors such as being sedentary, smoking, overweight, present severe symptoms of menopause, have made episiotomy and the presence of ovarian cyst were associated with UI. Research that addresses the issue in population groups at highest risk are fundamental to improve understanding of the disease, considered one of the major geriatric syndromes and chronic benign.