Efeitos de fungos entomopatogênicos comerciais e selvagens sobre a mortalidade das larvas do aedes aegypti e assimetria flutuante dos adultos

Abstract

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue, and other flaviviruses, such as Zika. Establishing a relationship beTween the environment and human health is important, especially so that there is greater prevention of public health problems when related to the transmission of this category of arbovirus transmitted by insect vectors. Among the strategies for the control of disease vectors in areas that showed rapid urbanization, chemical control stands out as the most used in urban peridomiciliary environments. Alternatively, the development of strategies based on biological control of insect vectors has shown promise to control these insects. In this sense, the purpose of this study was to understand the effects of wild entomopathogenic fungi, isolated from natural reservoirs of oviposition of these mosquitoes, and commercial fungi on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae, taking into account the response secondary, probable variations in the morphological patterns of the insects, especially in the fluctuating asymmetry of the wings and consequently the sexual ratio of offspring and emergence of adult mosquitoes. As for mortality, the experiment with the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (133), Tween 80 (127), Geotrichum fungus candidum (124) and water (114) dead larvae. In the emergence of adult mosquitoes, the water experiment obtained (36), the fungus Geotrichum candidum (26), Tween 80 (23) and Metarhizium fungus anisopliae (17) and adult mosquitoes. In the adult mosquito offspring ratio, the water experiment obtained (23 males and 13 females), Geotrichum candidum (18 males and 8 females), Tween 80 (15 males and 8 females), Metarhizium fungus anisopliae (9 males and 8 females). In the water experiment, more emergent mosquitoes were obtained, the ratio of male mosquitoes is greater than that of females. In reference to the mortality hypothesis, survival is related to the genomic and genetic immunity of the surviving insects: it has a greater fitness, more robustness, genetic error correction apparatus and cellular immune capacity that fights the infectious biological agent (fungi). Survivors are less susceptible to stressors given their environment. As for wing length variations, it is expected, since it does not depend only on their nature, asymmetry has to do with the robustness of each group, naturally, the wings are smaller in length and consequently more resistant, and less susceptible to the fungi, and with a lower asymmetry value. Therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate the fluctuating asymmetry of Aedes aegypti wings, when exposed to different, sublethal concentrations of insecticides and for the tested fungi.