análise fitoquímica e atividade antibacteriana “in vitro” de extratos de plantas do cerrado

Abstract

Ethanolic and methanolic extracts of 10 plants collected from the Cerrado of the North of State of Minas Gerais (Brazil) were submitted to antibacterial test against the bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) using the disc diffusion method. The botanical species which presented antibacterial activity, Anacardium humile A. St. Hil, Psidium giuneense SW. and Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemao, had their ethanolic extracts tested in 15 stems of the species Staphylococcus aureus that were obtained from the patients area at the Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria and from clinical laboratories in Montes Claros and standard stem ATCC 25923. Inhibitory activity was determined and the interaction between the extracts and the main groups of secondary compounds present in these plants was surveyed. Through the study of the antibacterial activity in bacterial stems of Staphylococcus aureus, the extract of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemao has started its inhibitory action at a 30 mg/mL concentration, while the extracts of Anacardium humile A. St. Hil. and Psidium guineense SW. started their activity at a 60 mg/mL concentration. A synergic interaction between the vegetable extracts was observed when they were combined by pairs at variable percentages. Tannins and flavonoids were detected in the phytochemical analysis of the species; such substances may be responsible for the observed antibacterial action. From these results, other studies should be carried out with the plants Anacardium humile A. St. Hil., Psidium giuneense SW. and Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemao; they have showed a considerable therapeutic potential.