Caracterização multiparamétrica de pacientes internados por COVID-19 e análise comparativa dos casos de asma em coorte pareada em Hospital de Montes Claros (MG)

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects the airways; however, COVID-19 presents a systemic profile, involving organs such as the heart and kidneys, with disease severity strongly influenced by the host’s immunological status. This research collected data from medical records of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a hospital in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, analyzing hematological parameters, renal biomarkers, and the prevalence of asthma. The study characterized local and regional aspects of the disease through three scientific products. The first product, a published article, consisted of a narrative review on the impact of COVID-19 in patients with allergic asthma, highlighting the need for further investigation into the relationship between two diseases that share the lower airways as a primary site of involvement. The second article, currently under review, analyzed a specific cohort of patients with or without a prior diagnosis of asthma, showing no significant differences in mortality between the groups; however, serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in the asthma group, while absolute eosinophil counts—although not statistically significant—were numerically greater among asthmatic patients. The third article, also under submission, presents an expanded cohort analysis focused on severity biomarkers (urea and creatinine) and leukogram findings, demonstrating that significant elevations in urea and creatinine, combined with neutrophilia and lymphopenia, were associated with worse outcomes in patients who progressed to fatal disease. The multiparametric analysis enabled a deeper understanding of the interaction between clinical, inflammatory, and immunological factors in patients with COVID-19. Although asthma did not significantly influence mortality, hematological differences suggest distinct immunological profiles, reinforcing the need for more robust investigations. The findings contribute to the understanding of the systemic manifestations of COVID-19 and emphasize the importance of accessible laboratory indicators—such as hematological and renal parameters—for risk stratification and clinical monitoring, particularly in hospital settings outside major urban centers