Paisagem urbana e patrimônio histórico arquitetônico na área central de Montes Claros-MG

Abstract

The process of transformation of cities is linked to their socioeconomic, spatial, but also political and historical dynamism. History, in this direction, is a totality in movement, dynamic, materialized in the landscape. In this bias, the city of Montes Claros / MG has in its central area, the core of its formation, an important cultural and built historical legacy. In this space, the past is present, concomitant with the economic movement contained in the activities developed there, resulting in strong spatial and socioeconomic changes. Thus, a socio-spatial and landscape transformation is noticeable in the central area of Montes Claros. Many historic buildings that could document the city's history are being occupied by commercial use that disfigure its original facade or have been demolished to ensure the expansion of the real estate business. In this context, the present research analyzed the architectural historical heritage through the urban landscape in the central area of Montes Claros-MG. The specific objectives were: a) to raise the price of the land use of buildings in the study area and its relationship with the municipal urban legislation, such as at the state and federal levels; b) identify the built heritage of Montes Claros; c) analyze the urban landscape and its transformations in the central area of Montes Claros. The applied methodology consisted of qualitative and quantitative procedures and was based on bibliographic analysis, documentary research, field research with application of questionnaires and photographic images of the landscape, presentation of data through graphs, tables, charts and maps. Through the value of the urban land, resulting from the performance of the agents of the real estate market and of the public power, it was evidenced that the valorization of the study area is not linked to the cultural wealth that these built goods establish, when compared to the commercial sectors where there is no there is a concentration of historic buildings, such as those existing in the residential sectors delimited by the Montes Claros City Hall. Municipal legislation delayed the recognition of the historical remnants of the city's early days in the 19th century. From the 1950s onwards, there was a great demand for urban planning interventions with an emphasis on the central area. However, protective measures on the part of the municipality were being established in the 1980s, highlighting the cataloging of the Montes Claros Cultural Collection under the Protection Inventory. By Decree No. 1761 of September 28, 1999, 16 buildings in the central area were listed, considering a total of 90 items present in the Municipal Inventory. The research revealed that the population's perception of the Central Area landscape from the perspective of Architectural Historical Heritage does not stand out due to the historical buildings that make up the landscape, whose valuation follows the logic of capital profit, linked to its economic potential. When analyzing the urban landscape and the materialized transformations in the central area, it was found that the potential for economic activity dictates the uses of buildings, with historic properties being readapted in the perspectives of the real estate market, destined for the commercial and service sectors. In view of the urban scenario of the central area of Montes Claros, it is considered that the current landscape reflects carelessness on the part of the population that does not claim to protect these assets, and by the government that delays with the maintenance of old buildings, many of them demolished.