Análise espacial dos índices de desenvolvimento humano municipal e de vulnerabilidade social em Minas Gerais

Abstract

The study of socio-spatial inequalities in Minas Gerais, through the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) pointers, proved to be extremely important for understanding the socioeconomic disparities of the Minas Gerais State. The general objective of the research is to analyze, through the Exploratory Analysis of Spatial Data (AEDE) and spatial statistics techniques, the spatial distribution of the MHDI and the SVI and their pointers, in the years 2000 and 2010, in the municipalities of Minas Gerais. In order to meet the objective of this research, we analyzed, through the use of the Geographic Information System - GIS, data on the attributes of the indicators associated with the geospatial vector layers in GeoPackage format. Spatialized data contain, in addition to intensity, the location of occurrence of phenomena, a fundamental characteristic for the study. ESDA was used, which deals with effects caused by spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity, as an initial instrument for understanding the data set and establishing hypotheses about the observations. Spatial dependence was estimated using the global univariate and bivariate I Moran statistics, and the indication of spatial local regimes of the cluster type or differentiated formations (outliers) by the local I Moran statistics. The results achieved in the DSEA of the MHDI and the SVI and its dimensions indicated that, in general, there were significant advances in the pointers in the municipalities. Nonetheless, these advances did not occur alike for all of them. The spatial statistics of the local I Moran corroborated the DSEA, showing disparities in the territory of Minas Gerais. The northern regions of Minas Gerais, Jequitinhonha and Mucuri valleys and eastern regions formed clusters of municipalities with low MHDI values and high SVI values. At the other end, the Triângulo, Minas South, Central Minas Gerais and the Forest Region formed clusters of opposite situations for those pointers. It is concluded that the spatial analysis showed a polarization caused by the large socioeconomic differences of the municipalities between the regions. The mappings produced from spatial statistics allowed us to clearly identify the patterns of spatial regimes in Minas Gerais. The study provides evidence that human development and social vulnerability are influenced by location, both alone and in relation to each other. The results can be interpreted as an initial step for further research on spatial components and their influences on geographic space. It is also considered the need to seek and understand the socioeconomic factors capable of influencing both the MHDI and the SVI and how these factors vary in the regions of Minas Gerais, assisting public managers in the implementation and monitoring of public policies.