Impactos socioambientais e insegurança hídrica: o caso da Comunidade Rural Saracura em Juramento - MG

Abstract

Water is an essential life resource, but when used as a territorial tool, it can marginalize social groups. Water bodies are necessary for the public supply of water in rural and urban spheres. The rural community of Saracura, located in the municipality of Juramento, Minas Gerais, Brazil, coexists with the formation of gullies and sediment bodies throughout the water course, which implies in the local supply as well as in the main Northern urban center of Minas Gerais, the municipality of Montes Claros, due to the hydric dependency of the damming of Juramento river. In conformity with the 2030 Agenda, social engagement is indispensable for the applicability and recovery of these degraded water ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the socioenvironmental impact of the silting of Saracura river for the homonymous rural community, as well as its influence in the public water supply for Montes Claros through the Juramento dam. This study was carried out by specifically investigating the susceptibility to silting from the physiographic and evolutionary characterization of the use and occupation of the soil in the years 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017, in addition to relating the water uncertainty among the rural community and the population of Monte Claro. Bibliographical, documental, cartographic, and field research was carried out through interviews and photographic records. It was identified the advance of monocultures such as eucalyptus and pasture over native vegetation, given that these anthropic uses produce the exposition and carriage of the soil into the bed of water courses. In order to recover the hydric potential, environmental interventions were proposed, such as agroecological zoning, contention bays, palisades, terracing, reforestation and fencing of water sources, effluent treatment with biodigester septic tank and wetlands, in addition of fostering the creation of a hydrographic sub-bay committee.