Fitofisionomias do cerrado e as áreas potenciais de ocorrência do pequizeiro (Caryocar Brasiliense) e buritizeiro (Mauritia Flexuosa) no Norte de Minas Gerais

Abstract

Monitoring areas with potential occurrence of pequizeiro and buritizeiro is important to define public policies of environmental conservation and, at the same time, actions of social development. In order to identify these plant species, it is essential mapping of the Cerrado phytophysiognomies, since they have particular characteristics and are classified according to the vegetal strata. Based on this assumption, remote sensing techniques are tools, that allow you to identify the spectral, spatial and temporal characteristics of each Cerrado phytophysiognomy and anthropic use present in this biome, making it possible to verify changes in Cerrado landscape over time. Therefore, the objective of this work was to map the phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado and the areas of occurrence of pequizeiro and buritizeiro in the North of Minas Gerais, using remote sensing techniques. This work is justified by the need to monitor this ecosystem, since there are plant species that are endemic to the Cerrado and with the growth of deforestation, there is a risk of extinction. The methodology used consisted of a supervised classification, using classifiers such as Maximum Likelihood (Maxver) and Decision Tree, in addition to isolated band conditions and vectorization of images, both were performed in geoprocessing software such as ARC GIS 10.2 and ENVI 5.3. As a result, the systematic mapping of Cerrado phytophysiognomies, the identification of natural and anthropic areas, areas with potential occurrence of pequizeiro and buritizeiro, and land use and cover of the years 1986, 1999 and 2015 for the North of Minas Gerais. It is observed in this work, that the creation of Conservation Units presents significant contributions to the deforestation of natural areas; however, other conservation measures should be created and established, such as the creation of Ecological Corridors, Permanent Preservation Areas and support programs to plant extractivism, because the diverse cultures have been reallocated in the region. Regarding the occurrence of vegetal species such as pequizeiro and buritizeiro, pequizeiro is found in phytophysiognomies such as the restricted sense Cerrado, the Cerradão and in pastures with trees. About the buritizeiro, this is found in areas of Veredas and Campo Limpo. The municipalities of Bonito de Minas and Januária deserve to be highlighted as the municipalities with the greatest potential of occurrence of these two species in the North of Minas Gerais. The planed areas, with clayey and sandy soils are the main characteristics for the location of these plant species.