Impacto dos programas sociais para erradicação da pobreza: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Social programs are one of the main strategies employed by countries all over the world to combat poverty, as this is one of the oldest and most concerning issues faced by nations worldwide, regarding economic, political and sociocultural aspects. Due to how multidimensional and complex it is, poverty is the primary objective of the Sustainable Development Goals for (SDGs), proposed by the United Nations (UN) and its members, with the aim of eradicating it by 2030. Thus, this paper aims to map out the challenges and facilities of social programs for eradicating poverty in countries where the Human Development Index falls between 0 and 0.699. We adopted the scoping review method, with the mnemonic strategy PCC — Problem, Concept and Context, defined as: P — people considered by UN as poor or extremely poor; C — direct and indirect Social Benefits and C — Countries where the Human Development Index (HDI) falls between 0 and 0.699. We mapped out 686 articles for the reading of titles and abstracts, out of which 494 were excluded, for they did not meet the criteria established, 6 of which were included by the researchers who worked in pairs; 51 articles presented conflict and were evaluated by a third researcher, who included 23 and excluded 28, totaling 29 papers to be fully analyzed. Out of the 29 papers, 18 were eligible to be discussed in this paper. The research results point to the fact that the main challenges are cultural, since the communities and, at times, the designers of such programs, are not acquainted with the reality or the beneficiaries who are eligible to the program, that is, they end up not focusing on those who actually are in need, besides presenting inconsistencies and poor implementation, not to mention their tainting by corruption. On the other hand, the studies point to the ease of implementation of these programs, especially those linked to microcredit, which go beyond financial support, with the creation of support networks with advisory services, resources, and infrastructure to perform the processes.