Avaliação dos efeitos metabólicos do resveratrol associado a diferentes composições dietéticas de macronutrientes e ao Lactococcus lactis

Abstract

In the last years, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome have increased progressively worldwide. In this syndrome, some disorders coexist, such as obesity, a proinflammatory state and hepatic alterations. The decrease in the inflammatory process, by modulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and lipogenesis through the modulation of genes that regulate this pathway could be a strategy for the prevention of metabolic syndrome. In this sense, the diet may have a key role in reducing the inflammatory process and the gain of body adiposity. Currently there are several nutritional recommendations that include the consumption of nutraceuticals, such as resveratrol, a polyphenol. The potential use of resveratrol in the prevention of the metabolic syndrome is promising, but further studies associating the resveratrol to different dietary patterns and probiotics, which have a growing population consumption, are needed. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol, associated with different dietary compositions and Lactococcus lactis, on proinflammatory and lipogenic markers. The first paper evaluated the association of resveratrol and different dietary compositions. To achieve this goal, FVB/N mice were divided into 5 groups, as follows: Standard diet, high-fat diet, high-fat diet plus resveratrol, high-protein diet and high-protein diet plus resveratrol treated for 60 days. Following sacrifice, plasma analysis were performed (glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) and qRT-PCR for mRNA expression analysis of lipogenic markers (PPARy, SREBP1, FAS, ACC) in the perigonadal adipose tissue. The second paper evaluated the association between resveratrol and Lactococcus lactis, a probiotic. In order to achieve that, C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups, as follows: Standard, Lactococcus lactis, Resveratrol and Lactococcus lactis + Resveratrol, during a period of 15 days. Following the sacrifice, plasma analysis were performed (glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST), as well as qRT-PCR for the mRNA expression analysis of the proinflammatory markers (IL-6, TNFα) in the liver and immunohistochemistry for the protein expression analysis of chemokines (IL-8) and cytokines (TNFα) in the liver. Regarding the association between resveratrol and the different dietary compositions, the results found showed that with the high-protein diet, the resveratrol was able to decrease the body weight and total adiposity, the plasma levels of total cholesterol and the expression of the lipogenic markers (ACC and FAS) and increased the plasma levels of HDL cholesterol. In contrast, along with the high-fat diet, the resveratrol decreased the plasma levels of total cholesterol only. When associated to the probiotic Lactoccocus lactis, the results found showed that this association induced a decrease in body weight and in the plasma levels of lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides). For both treatments, Lactoccocus lactis alone and Lactococcus lactis + Resveratrol, a decrease in the expression of the proinflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α e IL-8) and hepatic parameters (ALT and AST) was observed. In this perspective, it may be concluded that the dietary consumption of resveratrol, in association to different dietary compositions and to the probiotic Lactoccocus lactis, improves the lipid profile, decrease body weight and decreases the expression levels of lipogenic and proinflammatory markers, thus being considered to have a great potential to be used in the prevention of the metabolic syndrome.