Avaliação dos tecidos adiposos pericárdico e perivascular de indivíduos com doença arterial coronariana submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica: um enfoque na obesidade

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is triggered by the interaction between environmental and genetic / molecular factors. Obesity stands out as the main risk factor for CAD, regulating several pathways and molecular markers, including the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Aimimg to elucidate, the relationship between CAD, obesity and the RAS, the objective of this study was to evaluate the histology and expression of the renin-angiotensin system markers in the pericardial and perivascular adipose tissue samples from individuals with overweight/obesity with CAD. From the Bank of Human Biological Materials of North of Minas Gerais (Institutional Biobank - Montes Claros State University / B-013), 19 samples of pericardial and perivascular adipose tissue, blood and associated clinical data, were obtained from patients submitted to myocardial revascularization surgery who accepted to donate their biological sample to the aforementioned biobank. The samples were divided in eutrophic and overweight/obesity, according to the Body Mass Index. The following parameters were evaluated: Clinical data (Body Weight, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Neck Circumference, Hip Circumference, Waist-to-hip ratio), biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose and ultra-sensitive c-reactive protein (CRP ultra-sensitive)), as well as the adipocyte area of the pericardial and perivascular adipose tissues after H&E staining, and the expression of RAS componentes (Angiotensin II Receptor type 1 - AT1 and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Type 2 - ACE2) by real - time quantitative PCR. The statistical analysis were performed in the Graph Pad Prism and Statistical Package for Social Sciences softwares. The main results showed that in our research conditions, the ultrasensitive PCR levels and adipocytes area in the perivascular adipose tissue from overweight/obese individuals were increased. No significant differences in the clinical data evaluated between eutrophic and overweight or obese subjects were seen. The expression of the RAS markers evaluated did not differ between the evaluated groups and / or tissues. It was concluded that the ultra-sensitive CRP and the adipocyte area in the perivascular adipose tissue are increased in the overweight/obesity state. The AT1 and ACE2 expression remained similar between groups and tissues. Therefore, the present study opens new perspectives in the understanding of the relationship among the RAS, obesity and cardiovascular diseases, evidencing the need for further studies to be performed.