Imagem corporal, dados sociodemográficos, sintomas depressivos e apego materno-fetal de gestantes: Estudo populacional em Montes Claros - MG

Abstract

Pregnancy is a phase of intense biopsychosocial changes in women. These changes configure preparation for motherhood. Thus, the objective of the present study was to verify possible associations between body image, sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms and maternal-fetal attachment of pregnant women. To address the problem, a cross-sectional epidemiological approach was chosen, carried out with pregnant women registered in the Montes Claros Family Health Strategies. All pregnant women registered were included in the sample base. The variables were obtained through the distribution of self-administered questionnaires: a sociodemographic questionnaire developed by the researchers themselves; the Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ) to assess body image, the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies - CES-D to assess depressive symptoms; the Maternal fetal attachment scale. Data collection took place between October 2018 and September 2019. Among the pregnant women registered in the FHS-Montes Claros, two methods of approach were used among those who participated in the project: home collection and meetings of pregnant women in the health units. For data collection, the municipality was divided into 12 centers. Each pole contained between 3 and 5 ESFs. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by a bivariate analysis. Those variables that presented p ≤ 0.20 were included in a multiple model (Poisson), which, in turn, allowed the Prevalence Ratio (PR), the 95% confidence interval and descriptive level of each of the selected parameters . Among the 1,279 pregnant women involved in the study, the majority between 19 and 34 years old, finished high school, lived in consensual union and did not plan the pregnancy. Of the pregnant women evaluated, 53.8% had negative body image, 61.5% without depressive symptoms and; 48.5% experience an average fetal maternal attachment. HF was associated with the variables: age, depressive symptoms and studied when she became pregnant. As for the age variable, the younger pregnant women had a higher prevalence ratio (19 to 34 years old, PR = 1.09; up to 18 years old, PR = 1.10), in relation to the older ones. As for depression, pregnant women without depressive symptoms had a higher prevalence ratio (PR = 1.13) compared to those with severe depressive symptoms. In the relationship between HF and depressive symptoms, pregnant women with the most negative body image were those without depressive symptoms. It is concluded that the most positive body image is associated with older pregnant women. The most negative body image is associated with pregnant women without depressive symptoms. Body image was not associated with maternal-fetal attachment. The results of this study showed that the youngest pregnant women, those without depressive symptoms and those who studied when they became pregnant had a more negative body image.