Desempenho técnico-econômico de sistema agroflorestal entre mogno brasileiro e banana em região semiárida

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the technical and economic performance of agroforestry system (SAF) between Brazilian mahogany and banana, with their respective monocultures, in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais. The work was carried out in three commercial areas located in the Irrigation Perimeter of Jaíba, in the municipality of Jaíba, in the northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil, being an area with monoculture of Brazilian mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), one with monoculture of banana cultivar Grande Naine and another with agroforestry system (SAF) between Brazilian mongo and banana cultivar Grande Naine. The productive characteristics evaluated were: the annual average increment (MAI) of the volume of mahogany produced, banana productivity, land equivalent ratio (LER). The economic variables evaluated were: variable cost, fixed cost, total cost, opportunity cost, banana and mahogany production, marketable banana and mahogany production, average total cost, financial profit, net present value (NPV), internal return rate (IRR), benefit-cost ratio (B/C), discounted payback (DP) and economic efficiency index (EEI).Three cash flows were made, one for each cultivation system, for the creation of the base models. The discount rate used in monocultures was 8%, while in the AFS it was 11.14%. Subsequently, sensitivity analyzes were performed, testing the effects on the variation of 80% of the base models for the system production cost, mahogany price, mahogany productivity and banana productivity. The productivity of the banana tree in the monoculture system was 60.00% higher than that of the AFS. There was no significant difference between mahogany productivity in the evaluated cropping systems. The area equivalence index of the agroforestry system was 1.68, showing that the AFS is more efficient than the monocultures for the production of both species. Thus, to obtain the same productivity of one hectare of consortium, 1.68 hectares of monocultures are necessary. The average total cost of bananas in SAF was 39.52% lower than that of monoculture. The average total cost of mahogany in AFS was 20.63% lower than in monoculture. The AFS profit was higher than the sum of monoculture profits from banana and mahogany. The NPV of the AFS was 225.95% greater than that of the mahogany monoculture and 58.19% greater than the monoculture of banana. The AFS was considered more advantageous than the other monocultures, according to the economic indicators IRR, B/C and discounted payback. The EEI found for the SAF was 1.99. This means that 1.99 hectares of monoculture would be needed to generate the same NPV as 1.00 hectare of SAF. It is concluded that the AFS between mahogany and banana is more economically advantageous than their respective monocultures.