Despesas públicas com habitação: análise da evolução, distribuição espacial e correlação com indicadores sociais

Abstract

This study aims to analyze public expenditure on housing between 2003 and 2015. For this purpose, the following specific objectives were defined: a) To characterize the evolution of Brazil’s public housing policies from its inception to the present context; b) To raise and analyze social indicators of income and housing deficit in each of the units of the federation; b) To raise and analyze public spending on housing between the years 2003 and 2015; And d) Correlate the housing expenses with the social indicators established to analyze the existence of a relationship between these variables. The methodology used was quantitative-qualitative research, with a descriptive character. Bibliographic research was used to construct the theoretical basis and documentary research, which was used to collect and analyze public expenditures and social indicators. Public expenditures were collected from the website of the Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN) and the subsidies of the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) from data from the Ministério das Cidades. Social indicators associated to the housing deficit, income and population were collected from the websites of the Fundação João Pinheiro (FJP) and the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). The data were treated using Microsoft Excel, spatialized using the IBGE cartographic base through the QGIS software and explored through descriptive statistics and correlated using the PSPP statistical software. It was verified that in the period there were improvements in the household income among those who receive up to three minimum wages, a fall in the housing deficit, although the context has been of intensification of the urbanization process. Housing expenses also increased in the period, reaching a higher volume of expenditures in 2010 and have tended to fall since then. The subsidies for the PMCMV, however, had successive increases between 2009 and 2014. It was verified that the urban housing was privileged in every series to the detriment of the rural housing. The same is true of PMCMV subsidies. It is inferred that the urban areas, because they are more attractive to the land value, have pressed for the targeting of these funds. It was also verified that there is no correlation between the housing expenses and the social indicators analyzed in this study associated to the population, income and housing deficit and that the same was verified for the correlation between the subsidies provided by the PMCMV and these social indicators. It is concluded that the proposed objectives have been achieved and it is recommended to carry out new studies focusing on the quality of life in housing, other phases of expenditure that not only settlement and strategies of allocation of public resources in the light of recent crises.