Criminalidade e o direito à cidade em Pirapora - MG

Abstract

The right to the city, a term thought up in the 1960s by the Marxist philosopher and sociologist Henri Lefebvre, referring to issues arising from capitalist development that affected cities, drew attention to new guarantees linked to a quality urban life that demands participation collective in the construction of the city, in the sense of the appropriation of the urban space by the citizen. Thus, the right to the city mainly encompasses the right to influence the urbanization process. With regard to the legal system in Brazil, he was influential in urban policy discussions that culminated in the treatment of these issues by the Federal Constitution of 1988, in addition to the creation of the Statute of Cities, Law 10,257 of 2001, which determines the creation of Master Plans for cities with certain characteristics, including having more than 20,000 inhabitants, as an important instrument of urban policy. The growth of criminality is one of the most damaging effects of the uneven urbanization process. In this sense, this research sought to address the theme of criminality and the right to the city, having as a spatial cut the city of Pirapora-MG, a municipality located in the northern mesoregion of Minas Gerais, in order to answer whether the Master Plan of the city, as disseminating instrument of the right to the city, considers guidelines focused on dealing with the issue of criminality. The general objective was to analyze the treatment of the criminality aspect by the Master Plan of Pirapora-MG, and the specific objectives: to expose the fundamentals of the Right to the City, its influence in the legal aspect and dialogue with the urban spatial dynamics; characterize the city and the development of Pirapora-MG, and understand the incidence of the right to the city in the respective urban space through the investigation of the Master Plan; examine and discuss data on police occurrences of crimes against people and against property recorded in the city of Pirapora-MG between 2010 and 2020, spatialize and identify the neighborhoods with the highest incidence; assess whether the Master Plan of Pirapora-MG, as an instrument of the Right to the City, has guidelines aimed at issues related to crime. A quantitative and qualitative research was carried out, with a literature review, data collection and tabulation, data spatialization through ArcGis and on-site visit. Once the steps were completed, it was understood that the Master Plan of Pirapora, dated 2006, addresses measures aimed at combating crime, although it is outdated and in disagreement with the Statute of Cities and, therefore, placing the city in the opposite direction to that of realization of the right to the city.