Escolhas lexicais de alunos da Educação Básica: vozes sociais, aspectos culturais

Abstract

This research develops a study on the social voices emerging from the discourse of the speech of eighth grade students in a state public school, especially focusing on the lexical units uttered by those individual, and which generate disrespectful attitudes. The objective of text is to deconstruct these meanings naturalized in the discourse of the students, aiming at building a relationship of mutual respect between peers, as such linguistic units express mistaken beliefs that generate negative and aggressive attitudes, which, in their turn, culminate in outrageous treatment. The theoretical contribution includes postulates about language, lexicon, polyphony, identity, ideology and social inequality, with emphasis on the Bakhtinian dialogism. For the development of the research, two hypotheses were raised: i) students ignore or neglect meanings and notions of disrespectful lexical units and naturalize them, as they are in the collective imagination and because they are reproduced in society, offending thus their colleagues. ii) the socio-historically and culturally constructed ideologies, and cognitively impregnated in the discursive memory originate insulting attitudes resulting from the use of violent and disrespectful language motivated by the prejudice that emerges from the discourse of the students under study. Regarding the methodology, in addition to the bibliographical and documental research, action research and a qualitative approach were chosen, the latter to carry out data analysis. Regarding the results, considering the answers to the questionnaire applied in the diagnostic phase, and examining the discourse focusing on factors that generate harmful treatments, prejudiced and discriminatory practices were detected involving various aspects such as race, ethnicity (xenophobia), gender, appearance physical (phobia against: too fat or skinny people, height, shape and size of ears, eyes and thickness lips, among others, social status and religion. Based on these (re)occurrences, a teaching proposal was elaborated with theaim of promoting an efficient language education, through an approach which promotes and motivates respect for others in the students participating in this research.