Síndrome de Burnout, estresse psicossocial e qualidade de vida : um estudo em médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família

Abstract

Burnout Syndrome (SB) is defined as a psychosocial phenomenon that appears as a response to interpersonal stressors occurring in the work situation chronically. It is composed of three dimensions related but independent: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. The burnout has deleterious consequences for mental health worker. Studies on the SB in doctors of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Brazil are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SB and associated factors in the FHS physicians. The method is structured through an epidemiological research, quantitative, telematic, analytical and cross, whose population consisted of Brazilian physicians active in FHS in a medium-sized city in the north of Minas Gerais. Data collection was conducted through online questionnaires, which are: Socio-demographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Job Stress Scale (JSS), Effort-Reward Imbalance scale (ERI) and WHOQOL-bref (Wb). In analyzing the data, all categorical variables were described by their frequency distributions. The scores of the dimensions of the instruments were described by descriptive measures as mean, standard deviation, quartiles, maximum and minimum. The association between the size of the SB and sociodemographic variables and related to the time dedicated to work was assessed using the nonparametric chi-square, at the 0.05 level. The magnitude of the association between the size of the SB and stress at work, quality of life and effort-reward was estimated by logistic regression, adopting the odds ratio (OR) with a range of 95% confidence, as measured association. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences- SPSS software, version 18.0 for Windows. A higher frequency of females in the population studied was found, with a prevalence of young people under 30 years. The prevalence of SB was 100% of physicians with a moderate degree. To stress at work, 33.7% of physicians were affected. Half of the doctors was rated with high effort for work and overcommitment. In assessing the overall quality of life, 55.1% of physicians were classified as below average. There was a statistically significant association between the scores of the dimensions exhaustion and depersonalization of MBI with domains: Psychological Demand, Physical, Social Affairs, Environment, Quality of Life General, Effort and Commitment Excessive. The SB was evidenced prevalent in the physicians evaluated. It can compromise the quality of care and the physical and mental health of the worker. Early interventions in the workplace and interpersonal relationships of the FHS teams are required to reduce burnout in physicians.