Sobrepeso e obesidade: efeito de um programa de intervenção nutricional e relevância do desjejum sobre os parâmetros antropométricos e metabólicos

Abstract

Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat with potential harm to health. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the high prevalence of overweight and obesity, along with the risk factors for health, represent a relevant challenge for the world public health. Psychological and social disorders and the increased risk for diseases with high morbimortality are related to overweight and obesity. The obesity treatment is complex, as in addition to the weight loss target, the treatment aims to reorganize the dietary environment and promote behavioral and lifestyle changes. The nutritional and health program, focused on the individual nutritional intervention (INI), is an example of recovery strategy and health promotion. In the first study, the effects of a 12 week INI on the weight loss and risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome genesis were evaluated. The initial sample was comprised of 400 participants that were submitted to a nutritional evaluation protocol (nutritional anamnesis, RD24h, anthropometric and metabolic evaluation) at baseline and T3 (after 12 weeks). At T0 all participants received a nutritional plan, as well as specific nutritional orientations according to the verified anthropometric and metabolic parameters and clinical diagnosis. The monthly follow ups were scheduled at T1, T2 and T3. 237 participants adhered to the INI until T3. The second study evaluated the association between the absence of breakfast and the risk of developing overweight and obesity on the same population evaluated in the first study (n=400). The main findings demonstrate the relevance of the INI as a first line treatment indicated for overweight, obesity and associated comorbidities management. On the initial proposal, the calorie deficit of 500 to 600 kcal/day, allowed a weight loss of 6.7% in males and 5% on females, demonstrated through the BMI and WC decrease. Both genders displayed reduced levels of glucose, CT, TG and increased HDL-c. The participants experienced a statistically significant reduction on the individual risk factors for MetS. Therefore, the present results points to the nutritional intervention effectiveness on weight loss and metabolic control. In addition, a significant association between the absence of breakfast and risk to develop overweight and obesity was observed. Similar programs may be effective on the obesity prevention and health promotion.