Consumo alimentar e componentes da Síndrome Metabólica em adolescentes escolares

Abstract

Adolescence represents a particular phase of human life in which the individual is involved in intense transformations influenced by family habits, friendships, social and cultural values and rules, socioeconomic conditions, as well as the individual's experiences and knowledge. This moment is filled with habits and learning that will shape behavior in many aspects of future life, such as diet, individual health, and habits. Inadequate diet is one of these problems, being the origin for obesity and consequent Metabolic Syndrome that has considerable impact on adolescent health. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate food intake and Metabolic Syndrome components in adolescents from public schools in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Output 1: Cross-sectional study of 635 state school adolescents evaluating the adequacy to the 10 steps for healthy eating in adolescents and the association with the biochemical profile. Sociodemographic variables, food consumption and biochemical parameters were evaluated. The final adjusted model was estimated by logistic regression and the variables with a significance level of up to 5% remained. It was observed that 70.5% of adolescents include beans in their diets; 57.7% cereals, roots, tubers and whole grains; 1.6% consumed vegetables, fruits and vegetables, and 6.6% ate meat, poultry, eggs, milk and derivatives. Those who ingest adequate amounts of salt have shown good results from High Density Lipoproteins cholesterol whereas the intake of animal and sweet proteins is associated with high cholesterol values. Output 2: Methodological study, which identified the influence of anthropometric variables on the patterns of grouping of metabolic and hemodynamic variables in metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Measurements of metabolic syndrome components were used, including high-density triglyceride / lipoprotein ratio, homeostatic assessment model - insulin resistance, mean arterial pressure, waist circumference for central obesity, body mass index and waist ratio. /stature. Three different stratified models were adjusted for sex, estimated by confirmatory factor analysis by the maximum likelihood method. Body mass index (0.90; p<0.01) and waist circumference (0.87; p<0.01) showed the highest factor loading in the composition of the Metabolic Syndrome construct in male adolescents. For females, the factor weight of the body mass index (0.78; p <0.01) was equal to that of the waist-to-height ratio (0.79; p <0.01), whereas in the global model, the Body mass index (0.83; p <0.01) showed a higher correlation with the metabolic syndrome construct. Studies have shown that inadequate food intake contributes to the growth of obesity and, consequently, metabolic syndrome among adolescents. The Output 3 was an educational booklet entitled: Healthy habits for cardiovascular risk prevention.